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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2007 Nov 6.
Published in final edited form as: Brain Res. 2006 Sep 20;1118(1):66–74. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.08.033

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Tonic current in single glutamatergic hippocampal neurons is revealed by application of bicuculline. A. An autaptic EPSC is blocked by application of 1 μM NBQX (black traces). Addition of 25 μM bicuculline had no effect on the response to stimulation (grey trace). B. However as shown in the expanded view of the current marked by a box in panel A, bicuculline did cause decreased noise and an outward shift in the holding current. C. Application of 10 μM bicuculline again reveals a tonic chloride current in another neuron. This and subsequent experiments were performed using pipettes containing CsMeSO4 resulting in a more negative chloride reversal potential and a holding potential of −20 mV to provide adequate driving force.