Table 11.
Exposed | Unexposed | 95% | |||
N(%) or mean ± s.d. | N(%) or mean ± s.d. | Odds Ratio | Confidence Interval | P-value | |
Pneumonia* | 11(13.58) | 18(13.95) | 1.19 | 0.45, 3.15 | 0.72 |
Pleurisy* | 5 (6.33) | 4 (3.10) | 1.48 | 0.29, 7.61 | 0.64 |
Chronic bronchitis* | 16 (19.75) | 3 (2.33) | 17.4 | 4.06, 74.35 | 0.0001 |
Dry cough** | 4.64 ± 3.21 | 2.36 ± 1.74 | 5.06 | 2.67, 9.60 | <0.0001 |
Cough with mucous** | 4.73 ± 3.51 | 2.79 ± 1.75 | 2.6 | 1.43, 4.73 | 0.002 |
Cough with Blood** | 2.30 ± 2.55 | 1.11 ± 0.45 | 11.8 | 4.33, 32.03 | <0.0001 |
Asthma Diagnosed by MD* | 11 (13.41) | 17 (13.18) | 2.13 | 0.78, 5.82 | 0.14 |
Rhinitis* | 24 (29.63) | 21 (16.28) | 3.45 | 1.49, 8.01 | 0.004 |
Sinusitis range** | 4.57 ± 3.71 | 2.50 ± 1.91 | 2.62 | 1.43, 4.79 | 0.002 |
Short of Breath at Rest* | 23 (27.38) | 4 (3.10) | 11.3 | 3.11, 40.98 | 0.0002 |
Short of Breath on Walking* | 40 (48.19) | 6 (4.65) | 34.3 | 10.52, 112.09 | <0.0001 |
Short of Breath Climbing Stairs* | 52 (62.65) | 34 (26.36) | 6.17 | 2.81, 13.56 | <0.0001 |
Wheezing* | 24 (28.57) | 7 (5.43) | 19.2 | 5.59, 65.98 | <0.0001 |
*Odds ratio and confidence intervals are estimated using logistic regression
** Odds ratio and confidence intervals are estimated using multinomial logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations (GEE); odds ratio interpreted as the odds of exposed being in a higher category compared to unexposed. Respondents were asked to "score each question on a scale of 1 – 11, one representing never and 11 representing always.
Controlled for age, gender, race/ethnicity, education and smoking history