KCNQ4 in the adult mouse brainstem. (A and B) In situ hybridization with a KCNQ4 antisense probe. (C–G) Immunohistochemistry on transverse sections of the brainstem at different levels (from caudal to rostral). The distribution of the protein is consistent with the results of in situ hybridization. KCNQ4 immunoreactivity is detected in several nuclei of the auditory pathway, namely anteroventral and posteroventral cochlear nuclei (AVCN and PVCN, respectively), superior olivary complex (SOC), ventral and intermediate nuclei of lateral lemniscus, rostral periolivary region (RPO) and the central nucleus of inferior colliculus (CIC), as well as some other nuclei, namely dorsal, ventral, and inferior nuclei of dorsal raphe (DRD, DRV, and DRI), rostral nucleus of linear raphe (RLi), nucleus of median raphe (MnR), principal and spinal trigeminal nuclei (Pr5 and Sp5), dorsal subnucleus of interpeduncular nucleus (IPDL), ventral tegmental area (VTA), retrorubral field (RRF), and pars compacta of substantia nigra (SNC).