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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2007 Mar 15.
Published in final edited form as: J Spec Educ. 2005 Jun;39(2):66–85. doi: 10.1177/00224669050390020301

Table 5.

Random Coefficients Model Estimate for Oral Reading Fluency

Effect Estimate Effect Size t or Z value* p value|
Fixed Effects
 Intercept 66.05 10.29 < .0001
 Condition1 13.79 0.285 2.46 0.0144
 Linear time 17.03 1.614 13.95 < .0001
 Linear × condition 2.96 0.289 2.50 0.0129
 Selection2 24.10 0.478 4.13 < .0001
 Linear × selection 2.33 0.227 1.96 0.0505
 Ethnicity3 −10.94 0.396 −3.42 0.0007
 Sex5 −14.46 0.298 −2.58 0.0104
 Linear × sex −2.91 0.285 −2.46 0.0145
 Grade level4 27.43 1.119 9.67 < .0001
Random Effects
 Intercept 1984.46 10.16 <.0001
 Covariance between intercept and linear time 326.01 8.63 <.0001
 Linear time 68.40 8.29 <.0001
 Residual 157.35 17.57 <.0001
*

t value for fixed effects, Wald Z values for random effects

1

Condition coded 1 for intervention 0 for control

2

Selection coded 1 for aggression 0 for reading

3

Ethnicity coded 1 for Hispanic 0 for non-Hispanic

4

Grade level coded 1 for 2nd & 3rd 0 for Kindergarten & 1st

5

Sex coded 1 for males 0 for females