Table 1.
Relationship of Baseline Patient Characteristics With the Number of Overall and Cardiopulmonary Complications
| Overall Frequency, % (overall N=554) | Unadjusted Odds for all Postoperative Complications, 95% CI (n=49) | Unadjusted Odds for Cardiopulmonary Complications, 95% CI (n=33) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Female | 452 (81.6) | 1.39 (0.61 to 3.19) | 1.28 (0.48 to 3.40) |
| Age>85 | 242 (43.7) | 0.73 (0.40 to 1.34) | 0.83 (0.40 to 1.70) |
| Femoral neck fracture | 271 (48.9) | 1.00 (0.56 to 1.80) | 0.86 (0.43 to 1.75) |
| Dementia | 139 (25.1) | 0.85 (0.42 to 1.72) | 0.95 (0.42 to 2.16) |
| History of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 77 (13.9) | 3.15* (1.62 to 6.12) | 2.95‡ (1.34 to 6.46) |
| History of congestive heart failure | 85 (15.3) | 2.17‡ (1.10 to 4.29) | 2.59‡ (1.18 to 5.65) |
| History of myocardial infarction | 130 (23.5) | 1.06 (0.54 to 2.11) | 1.05 (0.46 to 2.38) |
| History of diabetes | 101 (18.2) | 1.17 (0.56 to 2.42) | 1.22 (0.52 to 2.90) |
| RAND comorbidity score≥4 | 231 (41.7) | 2.39† (1.31 to 4.36) | 2.59† (1.25 to 5.38) |
| APACHE≥4 | 170 (30.7) | 1.35 (0.73 to 2.49) | 1.51 (0.73 to 3.11) |
| Nursing home residence prefracture | 67 (12.1) | 1.24 (0.53 to 2.88) | 1.68 (0.67 to 4.22) |
| Preoperative delirium | 44 (7.9) | 3.02† (1.36 to 6.73) | 4.31* (1.82 to 10.24) |
| Preoperative complications | 6 (1.1) | 5.33 (0.95 to 29.87) | 8.34‡ (1.47 to 47.30) |
| Dependent§ in | |||
| Locomotion (with stairs) | 96 (17.3) | 1.43 (0.70 to 2.91) | 1.87 (0.84 to 4.16) |
| Locomotion (ambulation) | 22 (4.0) | 3.26‡ (1.15 to 9.26) | 2.64 (0.74 to 9.43) |
| Transfers | 53 (9.6) | 2.36‡ (1.07 to 5.18) | 2.78‡ (1.14 to 6.76) |
| Sphincter control | 28 (5.1) | 1.78 (0.59 to 5.36) | 1.98 (0.57 to 6.95) |
| Self-care | 28 (5.1) | 1.78 (0.59 to 5.36) | 1.23 (0.28 to 5.41) |
| Any motor task (total of above) | 124 (22.4) | 1.44 (0.75 to 2.77) | 2.09‡ (1.00 to 4.37) |
| Most severe abnormality measure | |||
| On admission | |||
| None | 239 (43.1) | Referent | |
| Minor | 190 (34.3) | 0.88 (0.41 to 1.89) | 0.91 (0.36 to 2.31) |
| Major | 125 (22.6) | 2.49† (1.25 to 4.94) | 2.62‡ (1.15 to 5.95) |
| Prior to surgery | |||
| None | 359 (64.8) | Referent | |
| Minor | 112 (20.2) | 0.93 (0.39 to 2.22) | 1.07 (0.38 to 3.02) |
| Major | 83 (15.0) | 3.87* (1.99 to 7.53) | 4.26* (1.94 to 9.35) |
| Additive abnormality measure | |||
| On admission | |||
| No major abnormalities | 429 (77.4) | Referent | |
| One major abnormality and no minor abnormalities | 45 (8.1) | 2.12 (0.83 to 5.42) | 2.11 (0.68 to 6.49) |
| One major abnormality plus minor abnormalities | 53 (9.6) | 2.01 (0.87 to 5.06) | 1.76 (0.58 to 5.39) |
| >1 major abnormality | 27 (4.9) | 4.83* (1.89 to 12.35) | 6.17* (2.23 to 17.05) |
| Prior to surgery | |||
| No major abnormalities | 471 (85.0) | Referent | |
| One major abnormality and no minor abnormalities | 49 (8.8) | 2.77‡ (1.20 to 6.42) | 2.56 (0.92 to 7.16) |
| One major abnormality plus minor abnormalities | 21 (3.8) | 3.34‡ (1.06 to 10.53) | 3.76‡ (1.02 to 13.81) |
| >1 major abnormality | 13 (2.4) | 12.16* (3.85 to 38.40) | 14.09* (4.23 to 46.97) |
| Change in abnormalities | |||
| No abnormalities on admission and prior to surgery | 230 (41.5) | Referent | |
| Minor abnormalities on admission and/or prior to surgery but no major abnormalities | 191 (34.5) | 0.96 (0.44 to 2.11) | 1.07 (0.41 to 2.84) |
| No or minor abnormalities on admission but major abnormalities prior to surgery | 8 (1.4) | 4.78 (0.89 to 25.73) | 8.19‡ (1.45 to 46.33) |
| Major abnormalities on admission but no or minor abnormalities only prior to surgery | 50 (9.0) | 1.25 (0.40 to 3.93) | 1.57 (0.41 to 6.01) |
| Major abnormalities on admission and major abnormalities prior to surgery | 75 (13.5) | 3.89* (1.82 to 8.32) | 4.22† (1.68 to 10.63) |
*
P≤.001
†
P≤.01
‡
P≤.05
§
Dependent—performing less than 25% of any task on FIM scale or subscale
CI, confidence interval; FIM, functional independence measure; APACHE, Acute Physiology And Chronic Health Evaluation