Table 3.
Overall and Subgroup Relative Risk (95% CI) of Mortality Associated with Responses to a GSRH Question*
| Number of Studies | GSRH Response | Test for Trend P Value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Good | Fair | Poor | |||
| RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | RR (95% CI) | |||
| Overall3,9,12,12,15,17,24–31 | 14 | 1.23 (1.09 to 1.39) | 1.44 (1.21 to 1.72) | 1.92 (1.64 to 2.25) | <.001 |
| Gender‡ | |||||
| Men12,12,15,26–31 | 8 | 1.21 (0.94 to 1.56) | 1.47 (1.07 to 2.01) | 1.87 (1.54 to 2.29) | <.001 |
| Women9,12,15,26–31 | 9 | 1.27 (0.99 to 1.62) | 1.44 (1.06 to 1.97) | 1.64 (1.26 to 2.14) | .042 |
| Question wording | |||||
| Noncomparative12, 15,17,24–31 | 12 | 1.18 (1.03 to 1.35) | 1.39 (1.15 to 1.68) | 1.77 (1.53 to 2.04) | <.001 |
| Comparative3,9 | 2 | 1.42 (1.26 to 1.60) | 1.87 (1.26 to 2.77) | 2.77 (2.00 to 3.85) | <.001 |
| Country of origin | |||||
| United States9,15,25,26,28 | 5 | 1.45 (1.07 to 1.94) | 1.68 (1.16 to 2.42) | 1.97 (1.37 to 2.83) | <.001 |
| Non-United States3,12,17,24,27,29,12,17,24,27,29–31, | 9 | 1.17 (1.02 to 1.35) | 1.34 (1.11 to 1.60) | 1.93 (1.64 to 2.27) | <.001 |
| Duration of follow-up | |||||
| ≤5 y25–31 | 7 | 1.22 (0.98 to 1.52) | 1.45 (1.05 to 2.00) | 1.80 (1.45 to 2.23) | <.001 |
| >5 y3,9,12,15,17,24,9,12,15,17,24 | 7 | 1.26 (1.10 to 1.45) | 1.40 (1.16 to 1.68) | 2.13 (1.75 to 2.59) | <.001 |
*
For studies presenting GSRH at multiple response levels.
†
P value >.10 for interaction across all subgroups.
‡
Limited to studies reporting stratified results or that included 100% men or 100% women.
GSRH, General Self-Rated Health; RR, relative risk; CI, confidence interval. Relative risk estimates are compared to the highest (e.g., excellent) self-rated health category offered to the respondent.