Table 2.
Authors | Sample | Population | Objectives | Outcomes | Limitations |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Corbie-Smith, Thomas, Williams, and Moody-Ayers, 1999 | N=33
Location: Atlanta, GA |
M=10
F=23 AA=33 |
Explore the reasons for low participation in clinical trials among AAs (attitudes and beliefs towards informed consent, knowledge of the USPHSSST, real/perceived examples of medical abuse, risks and benefits of participation) |
|
Focus group results are intended to generate, rather than test hypotheses. Participants were interviewed at only 1 location; results may not be generalizable to other locations. |
Green, Partridge, Fouad, Kohler, Crayton, & Alexander, 2000 | N=103
Location: Jefferson, Greene, Macon, Cherokee, Barbour, Dallas, Madison, Mobile, & Montgomery County, AL |
M=31
F=72 AA=103 |
Examine factors related to minority participation and retention in clinical cancer trials |
|
A convenience sample was utilized for the study; results may not generalize to all African Americans. The majority of the sample was female. The focus groups were conducted with different moderators, which may have influenced responses. |
Freimuth, Quinn, Thomas, Cole, Zook, & Duncan, 2001 | N=60
Location: Los Angeles, Chicago, Washington, and Atlanta |
M=20
F=40 AA=60 |
Examine knowledge and attitudes toward medical research, knowledge of the USPHSSST, and reactions to Miss Ever's Boys |
|
One of the focus groups in Chicago did not take place. Finding a representative sample was not the goal of recruitment. |
Bates & Harris, 2004 | N=215
Location: Southeastern states |
M=127
F=86 Ref=2 AA=118 W=71 H=15 O=l1 |
Investigate the use of the USPHSSST as an emergent theme in public discussion |
|
Results may not be generalizable. Income of the group differs from the median for the state. |
Green, Maisiak, Wang, Britt, & Ebeling, 1997 | N=421
Location: Jefferson County, AL |
M=206
F=215 AA=218 W=208 |
To report the effects of the USPHSSST on participation in health promotion activities and research studies. |
|
Results may not be generalizable. Respondents’ knowledge may be influenced by their location, Knowledge of the USPHSSST was not assessed. |
Sengupta, Strauss, DeVillis, Quinn, Devillis, & Ware, 2000 | N=301
Location: Durham, NC |
M=83
F=218 AA=301 |
Examine a multidimensional construct of institutional distrust and other factors that may influence willingness to participate in AIDS research |
|
Random sampling was not utilized. Results may not be generalizable outside of Durham, NC. Causation cannot be implied from cross-sectional data. The SEM model did not have an excellent fit to the data. The model used is one of several plausible models. |
Shavers, Lynch, & Burmeister, 20002 | N=198
Location: Detroit, MI |
M=83
F=96 (includes AA and Whites) AA=91 W=88 H=8 O=6 Ref=5 |
Examine racial differences, knowledge of the USPHSSST and the influence of this knowledge on willingness to participate in medical research |
|
The census data used for sampling was 10 years old; newly built homes may be overlooked. Low response rates inhibit ability to generalize data. |
Brown & Topcu, 2003 | N=438
Location: Detroit, MI |
M=143
F=295 AA=216 W=222 |
Determine if older AAs are less likely than Whites to express willingness to participate, given knowledge of the USPHSSST and fatalistic beliefs |
|
Behavioral intention does not necessarily equate to actual participation. |
Two subsequent publications using the Detroit PMSA database were published by Shavers et al. in 2001 and 2002.
M = male
F = female
USPHSSST = U.S. Public Health Service Syphilis Study at Tuskegee
AA = African American