Clinical outcome following L. major challenge of BALB/c mice vaccinated with TRYP/TRYP, TRYP/Vec, or Vec/Vec at 16 weeks after booster vaccination. Mice were vaccinated with two 100-μg doses of TRYP or vector DNA given 3 weeks apart and boosted with 1 × 106 PFU of TRYP or vector MVA 2 weeks later. The mice were challenged at 16 weeks after booster administration with 2 × 106 L. major promastigotes in the hind footpad, and the footpad depth was monitored weekly with vernier calipers. The results are means ± standard errors for groups of mice in one experiment and are representative of the results of replicate experiments in which similar results were obtained. The asterisks indicate significant differences as determined by Student's t test (one asterisk, P < 0.05; two asterisks, P < 0.01; three asterisks, P < 0.001).