TNF-α/IL-10 ratios were significantly increased in TB patients before, during, and following completion of therapy compared to those of control subjects. By contrast, IL-12/23p40/IL-10 ratios were only temporarily increased during anti-TB therapy and decreased at the end of therapy. The ratio of M. tuberculosis-specific IFN-γ to IL-10 production showed a strong increase during the course of therapy and was slightly increased at the end of therapy compared to that of control subjects, suggesting a shift toward a proinflammatory host immune phenotype during control of infection. Each dot represents one individual. A horizontal bar indicates the median level of each group. A dashed line indicates a ratio of 1. A statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) is indicated by the symbol # (Wilcoxon signed-rank test) between median values before, during, and at the end of therapy or by the symbol * (Mann-Whitney U test) compared to control subjects.