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Effect of MDP (muropeptide 2) on dose response of LPS. Mono Mac 6 cells were preincubated with muropeptide 2 (100 μM) (•) or medium (▴) as control for 30 min at 37°C. Increasing concentrations of LPS were added, and after an incubation of 5 h, TNF-α protein was measured by ELISA. TNF-α values were normalized for the Emax of LPS (2,305 pg/ml; 100%). Stimulation with muropeptide 2 alone (100 μM) resulted in a TNF-α concentration of 69 ± 12 pg/ml (3% of control).
