IAA production abilities of Ech3937, Ech138, Ech139, Ech138(pLiaaM), Ech138(pLiaaMH), and Ech139(pLiaaMH) in MM broth supplemented with 500 μg/ml l-tryptophan. IAA was quantified with the Fe-H2SO4 reagent as described previously (34, 78). Bacterial strains were incubated at 28°C with shaking at 200 rpm for 48 h.