TABLE 2.
Experimental conditions for studies assaying survival of respiratory viruses on fomites
| Virus (reference) | Suspension medium | Temp (°C) | % Humidity | Fomite | Survival (h) | (Ki)a | T90 (h) | T99 (h) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Influenza A virus (9) | Dulbecco's PBSb | 27.8-28.3 | 35-40 | Stainless steel | 72 | 0.0278 | 30 | 47 |
| Magazine, plastic | 48 | 0.0417 | 3 | 10 | ||||
| Pajamas, handkerchief | 24 | 0.0833 | 4 | 10 | ||||
| Influenza B virus (9) | Dulbecco's PBS | 26.7-28.9 | 55-56 | Stainless steel | 72 | 0.0417 | 12 | 37 |
| Magazine | 24 | 0.125 | <1 | 2 | ||||
| Handkerchief, tissue | 48 | 0.333 | <1 | <1 | ||||
| Avian influenza virus (73) | EMEMc with Earle's salts | Room temp | Not specified | Stainless steel | 144 | 0.0138 | 0 | 48 |
| Latex gloves | 144 | 0.0138 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Cotton | 144 | 0.0138 | 0 | 0 | ||||
| Feather | 144 | 0.0138 | 24 | 48 | ||||
| Coronavirus 229E (64) | Dulbecco's PBS | 21 | 55-70 | Aluminum | 12 | 0.167 | 5.25 | 9 |
| Sterile sponges | 12 | 0.167 | 5.75 | 7 | ||||
| Latex gloves | 6 | 0.333 | 4.1 | 5.75 | ||||
| Coronavirus OC43 (64) | Dulbecco's PBS | 21 | 55-70 | Aluminum | 3 | 0.25 | 1.5 | 3 |
| Sterile sponges | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Latex gloves | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Parainfluenza virus 2 (12) | MEMd | 22 | Not specified | Stainless steel | 10 | 0.5 | 3.75 | 6 |
| Lab coat | 6 | 0.75 | NDf | ND | ||||
| Facial tissue | 2 | 1.5 | ND | ND | ||||
| Respiratory syncytial virus (33) | MEMd with pooled nasal secretions | 22.25-25.25 | 35-50 | Formica countertop | 8 | 0.625 | 2.8 | 3.3 |
| Countertop w/ secretions | 8 | 0.714 | 0.5 | 2.5 | ||||
| Gloves | 5 | 0.952 | 0.25 | 0.4 | ||||
| Cloth | 2.5 | 2 | 0.5 | 0.75 | ||||
| Rhinovirus 14 (61) | TPBe or nasal secretions | 22 | 15-25 | Steel disc w/ TPB | >25 | <0.2 | 25 | >25 |
| Steel w/ nasal discharge | >25 | 1.25 | 2.5 | 4 | ||||
| 45-55 | Steel w/ TPB | >25 | <0.2 | 25 | >25 | |||
| Steel w/ nasal discharge | >25 | 0.625 | 6 | 8 | ||||
| 75-85 | Steel w/ TPB | >25 | <0.2 | 25 | >25 | |||
| Steel w/ nasal discharge | >25 | 0.625 | 4 | 8 |
a
Inactivation coefficient (Ki) = log10 reduction in virus titer per ml = (initial viral titer − final viral titer)/survival (in hours) (64).
b
PBS, phosphate buffer solution.
c
EMEM, Eagle's minimal essential medium.
d
MEM, minimal essential medium.
e
TPB, tryptose phosphate broth.
f
ND, not done due to lack of data.