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Effect of sunlight UV (UVA+B) irradiation on survival of phage ΦXacm 2004-16 in the field. Phage suspensions applied in water (Phage), with 0.75% skim milk powder (Phage+M), or with 0.75% skim milk powder plus 0.5% sucrose (Phage+M+S) were sprayed on tomato leaves at four different times during the day on 25 May (A), 8 June (B), 19 October (C), and 1 December (D). Sunlight UVA+B data were collected every second using a PMA 1107-WP UVA+B detector (Solar Light Co. Inc., Glenside, PA).
