Phylogenetic tree of 16S rRNA gene sequences recovered from bacterial isolates, clone libraries, and DGGE analysis of live and dead early stage P. ornatus phyllosomas taken from the larval rearing system. (a) Gammaproteobacteria; (b) sequences within the families Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Epsilonproteobacteria, and the Bacteroidetes group. The scale bar represents 0.1 changes per nucleotide. GenBank accession numbers are provided for all isolate, clone, DGGE, and reference sequences. The proportion of each clone within the clone library is represented in brackets after the clone name. The locations of the DGGE bands are given in Fig. 4. Partial isolate, clone, and DGGE sequences were added to the phylogenetic tree by using the parsimony algorithm tool in the ARB software package (43). Rhodothermus marinus was used as an outgroup for the analysis. Bootstrap values of ≥50% are represented at the nodes of branching points.