Table 1.
Participant Characteristics
| M |
SD |
Range |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Younger | Older | Younger | Older | Younger | Older |
| Experiment 1 (n = 24 per group) | ||||||
| Age (years) | 20 | 70a | 2 | 5 | 18-24 | 60-81 |
| Education (years) | 13 | 16a | 1 | 3 | 12-16 | 12-22 |
| Acuityb | 16 | 28a | 2 | 10 | 15-20 | 15-40 |
| Vocabulary (no. correct, max = 70) | 62 | 62 | 5 | 5 | 51-70 | 52-69 |
| Digit-Symbol accuracy (% correct) | 97 | 95 | 3 | 6 | 86-100 | 73-100 |
| Digit-Symbol RT (ms) | 1,357 | 1,830a | 243 | 294 | 1,009-1,969 | 1,273-2,557 |
| Experiment 2 (n = 32 per group) | ||||||
| Age (years) | 20 | 68a | 2 | 5 | 18-29 | 60-81 |
| Education (years) | 13 | 17a | 1 | 3 | 12-16 | 12-22 |
| Acuityb | 16 | 26a | 4 | 9 | 15-30 | 15-40 |
| Vocabulary (no. correct, max = 70) | 61 | 65a | 5 | 3 | 53-69 | 57-70 |
| Digit-Symbol accuracy (% correct) | 96 | 97 | 3 | 4 | 89-100 | 84-100 |
| Digit-Symbol RT (ms) | 1,226 | 1,598a | 176 | 202 | 917-1,620 | 1,216-2,025 |
| Experiment 3 (n = 24 per group) | ||||||
| Age (years) | 20 | 66a | 3 | 6 | 18-29 | 60-80 |
| Education (years) | 14 | 16a | 2 | 2 | 12-18 | 12-22 |
| Acuityb | 15 | 21a | 1 | 9 | 15-20 | 15-40 |
| Vocabulary (no. correct, max = 70) | 63 | 63 | 5 | 4 | 52-69 | 54-69 |
| Digit-Symbol Accuracy (no. correct) | 97 | 98 | 3 | 2 | 89-100 | 93-100 |
| Digit-Symbol RT (ms) | 1,200 | 1,830a | 241 | 323 | 721-1,575 | 1,224-2,368 |
Note. max = maximum; RT reaction time.
a
Age group comparison was significant at p < .05 by t test.
b
Denominator of the Snellen fraction for corrected near vision.