TABLE 2.
Distribution of L. monocytogenes lineages and PFGE types among isolates from human clinical cases, foods, ruminant farms, and urban and pristine environments
| Lineagea | PFGE type(s)b | No. of L. monocytogenes isolates from:c
|
Total no. of isolates | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Humansd | Foodse | Farmsf | Environmentg | |||
| I | Types with <5 occurrences | 53 | 21 | 58 | 22 | 154 |
| 7 | 4 | 1 | 7 | 3 | 15 | |
| 22*** | 16 (+)*** | 4 | 0 (−)*** | 0 | 20 | |
| 38*** | 1 | 0 | 0 (−)* | 6 (+)*** | 7 | |
| 121 | 1 | 0 | 6 | 2 | 9 | |
| 122 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 5 | |
| Total for lineage I | 78 (+)*** | 26 | 73 (−)*** | 33 | 210 | |
| II | Types with <5 occurrences | 32 | 20 | 119 | 42 | 213 |
| 2* | 3 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 5 | |
| 50*** | 0 | 5 (+)*** | 0 | 0 | 5 | |
| 52*** | 0 | 6 (+)*** | 0 (−)* | 0 | 6 | |
| 189 | 0 | 0 | 8 (+) | 1 | 9 | |
| 240* | 1 | 5 (+)* | 3 | 0 | 9 | |
| 300 | 0 | 0 | 7 (+) | 0 | 7 | |
| 315 | 0 | 0 | 7 (+) | 0 | 7 | |
| 336*** | 2 | 7 (+)*** | 0 (−)* | 0 | 9 | |
| Total for lineage II | 38 (−)*** | 45 | 144 (+)*** | 43 | 270 | |
| III | Types with <5 occurrences | 3 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 9 |
| Unknown | Types with <5 occurrences | 1 | 3 | 0 | 2 | 6 |
| Total for all lineages | 120 | 74 | 221 | 80 | 495 | |
Ribotypes were used to assign isolates to one of the three previously described lineages (59).
PFGE types that were not randomly distributed among sources as determined by categorical analyses are labeled with * (indicating P of ≤0.05), ** (indicating P of ≤0.005), or *** (indicating P of ≤0.0005); all P values of <0.0005 indicate significance even after Bonferroni's correction for multiple comparisons. Individual PFGE types with fewer than five occurrences were grouped together for analysis.
PFGE type and lineage prevalences that were significantly higher (+) or lower (−) for a specific source than expected based on a random distribution as determined by categorical analyses are labeled with * (indicating P of ≤0.05), ** (indicating P of ≤0.005), or *** (indicating P of ≤0.0005); all P values of <0.0005 indicate significance even after Bonferroni's correction for multiple comparisons.
Data are for 120 L. monocytogenes isolates from human clinical cases in New York State between 2001 and 2003 (48, 49).
Data are for 74 L. monocytogenes isolates from foods collected in New York State between 2001 and 2003 (48).
Data are for 221 L. monocytogenes isolates from fecal, feedstuff, soil, and water samples collected from New York State ruminant farms from 2001 to 2003 (39).
Data are for 80 L. monocytogenes isolates collected from urban and natural environments in New York State from 2001 to 2002 (47).