Table 2. Impact of Health Literacy on Outcomes with Sequential Addition of Covariates.
| Models* | AQLQ | SF-36 PCS | Treated in ED | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coefficient | P Value | Coefficient | P Value | Coefficient | P Value | |
| 1 Literacy† | 0.66 | .009 | 6.54 | .0007 | 0.86 | .04 |
| 2 Literacy | 0.69 | .005 | 6.69 | .0005 | 0.93 | .02 |
| Asthma severity‡ | ||||||
| 3 Literacy | 0.61 | .003 | 6.29 | .0003 | 0.94 | .03 |
| Asthma severity | ||||||
| Asthma self-efficacy§ | ||||||
| 4 Literacy | 0.52 | .03 | 3.00 | .11 | 1.11 | .02 |
| Asthma severity | ||||||
| Asthma self-efficacy | ||||||
| Age | ||||||
| Education | ||||||
| 5 Literacy | .40 | .07 | 2.23 | .22 | 1.01 | .04 |
| Asthma severity | ||||||
| Asthma self-efficacy | ||||||
| Age | ||||||
| Education | ||||||
| Depressive symptoms¶ | ||||||
| 6 Literacy | .20 | .38 | 1.21 | .53 | .95 | .07 |
| Asthma severity | ||||||
| Asthma self-efficacy | ||||||
| Age | ||||||
| Education | ||||||
| Depressive symptoms | ||||||
| Asthma knowledge∥ | ||||||
*
All analyses controlled for time in study
†
Measured with the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults.
‡
Required daily oral β agonists.
§
Measured with the Asthma Self-efficacy Scale.
¶
Measured with the Geriatric Depression Scale.
∥
Measured with the Check Your Asthma IQ Survey.
Scales: (possible score range) (higher is better status); AQLQ, Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (1 to 7); PCS, Physical Component Summary (0 to 100); ED, emergency department.