Table 2. Characteristics of 204 Study Participants.

Characteristic	% or Mean (± SD)
Age (y)	61 (8.6)
Race/ethnicity
White/Non-Hispanic	26
White/Hispanic	31
Black	24
Asian/Pacific Islander	9
Multiethnic/other	10
Female	53
Yearly income ≤$10,000*	48
Education
<High school	32
High school graduate	19
Some college to graduate degree	49
Literacy level†
Adequate	60
Marginal	18
Inadequate	22
Language most comfortable speaking
English	62
Spanish	29
Other‡	9
U.S. born	60
If not U.S. born, years lived in United States
>10	86

^*Income data only available for 169 (83%) participants.

^†Literacy level defined by s-TOFHLA literacy score (possible range: 0 to 36; mean ± SD: 24.6 ± 10.8). Inadequate literacy, 0 to 16; marginal literacy, 17 to 22; adequate literacy, 22 to 36.

^‡Subjects in the “other” category reported speaking English “well or “very well,” but were most comfortable speaking their native language (e.g., Cantonese, Tagalog, etc.).

s-TOFHLA, Short Form Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults.