Table 4.

Effect Sizes^† of Group Differences on the Scores of the Jefferson Scale of Physician Lifelong Learning by Professional Activities, Comparing Physicians Who Were Involved with the Activity and Those Who Were Not Involved

Professional Activities	Involvement		Effect Sizes
	Yes	No	Professional Beliefs and Motivation	Scholarly Activities	Attention to Learning Opportunities	Technical Skills	Total Score
1. Published article(s) in professional journals	299	144	0.48**	1.4**	0.67**	0.56**	1.1**
2. Presented paper(s) before national meetings	243	200	0.34**	1.5**	0.79**	0.52**	1.1**
3. Collaborated in the conduct of research studies or clinical trials	306	137	0.42**	1.3**	0.71**	0.61**	1.0**
4. Received a grant for research or training	146	296	0.67**	1.4**	0.92**	0.69**	1.2**
5. Received professional awards or honors	203	238	0.71**	1.1**	0.79**	0.61**	1.0**
6. Held office in national professional organizations	103	339	0.55**	1.3**	0.71**	0.38**	0.97**
7. Served on professional committees (hospital, society)	327	115	0.51**	0.92**	0.67**	0.54**	0.82**
8. Served as an editor, or on the editorial board of a professional journal	97	346	0.67**	1.3**	0.92**	0.48**	1.1**
9. Served as a reviewer for a professional journal	220	223	0.70**	1.5**	0.96**	0.59**	1.2**
10. Shared in developing medical/surgical procedures, instruments, drugs or techniques described in the literature	123	320	0.61**	1.3**	0.97**	0.50**	1.1**
11. Presented patient education/research findings in public media, or community groups	216	221	0.45**	1.0**	0.71**	0.39*	0.77**
12. Been involved in teaching medical students or residents	413	26	0.54**	1.1**	0.89**	0.63**	1.0**

^*P<.05

^**P<.01

^†Effect sizes were calculated based on this formula: (Mean_yes−Mean_no)/pooled SD