Figure 1. Waves of Colonisation and Disease in the KND from April 1998 until November 2005.

Carriage rates recorded during 16 colonisation surveys (April and November each year) and monthly numbers of confirmed meningitis cases of N. meningitidis.

(A) Genoclouds of serogroup A ST5 and ST7 meningococci are shown.

(B) Genoclouds of serogoup X ST851 and NG ST192 meningococci are shown.

(C) Carriage rates of other serogroups and meningococci unrelated to the A, X, or NG ST192 genoclouds are shown.

(D) Carriage rates of N. lactamica are shown.