Swarming motility in P. aeruginosa PAO1. The
ppk mutant is completely deficient in swarming motility
which could be restored to the WT level by providing a plasmid bearing
the ppk gene. Cells were inoculated onto swarm plates
(Difco nutrient broth plus 0.5% Difco bacto-agar supplemented with
0.5% glucose) from an overnight swim plate with a toothpick and
photographed after a 24-h incubation at 30°C. Strains: WT, PAO1;
Δppk, PAOM5; ΔfliC, MS159;
ΔfliD, PAO-D; ΔfliF,
PA14-fliF; WT (CV), PAO1 (pMMB66HE);
Δppk (CV), PAOM5 (pMMB66HE); and Δppk
(PPK+++), PAOM5 (pHEPAK11). CV represents the control
vector pMMB66HE and PPK+++ the PPK-overproducing plasmid
pHEPAK11.