Table 1.

Definition of Substance Dependence and Substance Abuse

Substance dependence is manifested by three or more of the following:
(i) tolerance, as marked by the need for larger doses to achieve intoxication or desired effect or markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of substance;
(ii) development of withdrawal symptoms or use of substance to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms;
(iii) taking larger amounts or over longer periods than intended;
(iv) persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control substance use;
(v) spending time obtaining the substance, using the substance or recovering from its effects;
(vi) performing important social, occupational or recreational activities less frequently because of the substance;
(vii) continuing use of the substance despite knowledge of adverse physical or psychological problems.
Substance abuse is manifested by at least one of the following:
(i) recurrent use resulting in failure to fulfill major obligations at work, home or school;
(ii) recurrent use in situations in which it is physically hazardous;
(iii) recurrent substance-related legal problems;
(iv) continued use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems.