Fig. 6.

Schematic representation of the conserved domains of E. coli Rho through NCBI Blast. a. Rho-factor: Transcription termination factor Rho is a bacterial ATP-dependent RNA/DNA helicase. b. ATPase-fllagellum or Flagellum-specific ATPase/type III secretory pathway virulence-related protein: This group of ATPases are responsible for the export of flagellum and virulence-related proteins. The bacterial flagellar motor is similar to the F₀F₁-ATPase, in that they both are proton driven rotary molecular devices. c. RecA-like NTPases: This family includes the NTP binding domain of F1 and V1 H⁺ATPases, DnaB and related helicases as well as bacterial RecA and related eukaryotic and archaeal recombinases. d. F₁ ATP synthase beta subunit, nucleotide-binding domain: The F-ATPase is found in bacterial plasma membranes, mitochondrial inner membranes and in chloroplast thylakoid membranes. It uses a proton gradient to drive ATP synthesis and hydrolyzes ATP to build the proton gradient. e. V/A-type ATP synthase catalytic subunit A. These ATPases couple ATP hydrolysis to the build up of a H⁺ gradient, but V-type ATPases do not catalyze the reverse reaction. The Vacuolar (V-type) ATPase is found in the membranes of vacuoles, the golgi apparatus and in other coated vesicles in eukaryotes. f. F₁ ATP synthase alpha, central domain. The F-ATPase is found in bacterial plasma membranes, mitochondrial inner membranes and in chloroplast thylakoid membranes g. CSP, Cold shock protein domain; RNA-binding domain that functions as a RNA-chaperone in bacteria and is involved in regulating translation in eukaryotes. Contains sub-family of RNA-binding domains in the Rho transcription termination factor. h. AAA-ATPases associated with a variety of cellular activities. i. ATP synthase alpha/beta family, nucleotide-binding domain. This family includes the ATP synthase alpha and beta subunits the ATP synthase associated with flagella. j. Rho: Transcription termination factor. k. Flagellar biosynthesis/type III secretory pathway ATPase: involved in cell motility and secretion/Intracellular trafficking and secretion. l. AtpA: F₀F₁-type ATP synthase, alpha subunit involved in energy production and conversion. m. NtpA: Archaeal/vacuolar-type H⁺-ATPase subunit A involved in energy production and conversion.