Table 2.

Effects of dietary soy in obese humans

Disease	Diet and Amount	Duration	Effects	References
Overweight and mildly obese men (N=12)	Soydiet with 28-29% of energy as protein vs pork diet and carbohydrate diet	4 days	Lower 24-hr energy expenditure with soy than with pork diet	42
Obese subjects (N=24)	Hypocaloric diet with soy protein vs hypocaloric diet with casein, 375 Kcal/d for 15 days, 426 kcal/d	60 day	Decreased BW in both diets but greater reductions in total cholesterol, VLDL and LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride	43
Obese women (N=36)	Low-energy diet with soybeans vs low energy diet with lean meat	16 wks	decrease in BW (9%) in both diets with similar reductions in plasma lipid and leptin levels	44
Obese subjects (N=100)	Soy-based meal replacement formula (240g/day, 1200 kcal/day) vs control diet	12 wks	Greater weight loss, greater reductions in body fat mass and total and LDL cholesterol	45
Pre-obese subjects (N=90)	Lifestyle education, high soy protein diet w or w/o physical activity	6 mos	All 3 interventions reduced BMI, greater decrease in BW and fat mass with physical activity	46
Overweight and obese women (N=90)	Milk-based meal replacement (MR) vs soy-based MR in low energy diets	12 wks	Modest weight loss, greater reductions in total and LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels with soy MR than with milk MR	47

N = number of subjects; BW = body weight