Table 6.

Correlation between low cognate amino acid bias and regulation of gene expression and enzyme activity.^a

Biosynthetic pathway	Enzymes with low cognate amino acid bias (below 10% quantile)	Enzymes repressed by cognate amino acid addition	Enzymes derepressed upon cognate amino acid depletion	End-product-inhibited enzymes
Ala	AvtA	AvtA	–	–
Arg	ArgBCFI	ArgABCDEFGHI	ArgECBH	ArgA, ArgB
Asn	AsnA, AsnB	AsnA	–	AsnA, AsnB
Asp	–	–	–	–
Cys	CysK-Z,CysM	CysK-Z,CysM, CysE	CysK-Z, CysM, CysE	CysK-Z, CysM, CysE
Gln	GltB, GltD	GltB, GltD	GltD, GltB	GltD, GltB
Glu	–	GdhA	GdhA	GdhA
Gly	–	GlyA	GlyA	–
His	HisC, HisD	All	All	HisC, HisG
Ile	IlvGA	IlvGEDA	IlvGEDA	IlvA
Leu	IlvE, leuABCD	LeuABCD	LeuABCD	LeuA
Lys	LysC, DapE, DapF, LysA	LysC, DapE, LysA	LysC, DapA, LysA	LysC, DapA
Met	MetA, MetE, MetB	MetA, MetH, MetE, MetB, MetL	MetA, MetH, MetE	MetA
Phe	PheA slightly above 10% quantile	PheA	PheA	PheA
Pro	ProA, ProB	ProB	ProC	ProA
Ser	SerB	–	–	SerA
Thr	ThrAB	ThrAB	ThrABC	ThrAB
Trp	TrpABCDE	TrpABCDE	TrpABD	TrpED
Tyr	–	TyrA	TyrA	TyrA
Val	AvtA	AvtA, IlvG	–	IlvIHGM

^aThis information has been compiled from Herrmann and Somerville (1983), Neidhardt (1999), (Khodursky et al., 2000) and references therein.