Table 4.

Causes of dystocia in bitches needing veterinary treatment during more than one of the whelpings included in this study. (n = 7)

	Whelping no. 1	Whelping no. 2	Whelping no. 3
Bitch no. 1	Haemorrhage	Primary uterine inertia	Primary uterine inertia
Bitch no. 2	Primary uterine inertia	Primary uterine inertia
Bitch no. 3	Fetal obstruction	Primary uterine inertia
Bitch no. 4	Oversized fetus	Primary uterine inertia
Bitch no. 5	Fetal malposition	Primary uterine inertia
Bitch no. 6	Fetal malposition	Fetal malposition
Bitch no. 7	Obstructed birth canal	Obstructed birth canal