Table 5.

Time between the first discharge of fetal fluids and the birth of the first pup (n= 96 whelpings)

	For all the whelpings (n = 96)	Bitches not needing veterinary treatment (n = 72)	Bitches needing veterinary treatment (n = 24)
Median time (range)	1.3 hrs (0 min – 12 hrs)	1.0 h (0 min – 8 hrs)	2.0 hrs (20 min – 12 hrs)
Mean time	1.9 hrs	1.5 hrs	3.2 hrs