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Duration of the whelpings from birth of the first pup (168 whelpings)(hours)
| All the whelpings (n = 168) | Whelpings without veterinary treatment (n = 129) | Whelpings with veterinary treatment (n = 39) | |
| Median time (range) | 5.0 hrs (1 h – 72 hrs) | 5.0 hrs (1 h – 17 hrs) | 11.0 h (2 hrs – 72 hrs) |
| Mean time | 7.5 | 5.9 | 13.7 |
