Table 4.
Pearson correlations between HRH density and health indicators in EMR‡
| IMR | U5MR | MMR | LE | |
| Physician density | ||||
| r | -0.695 | -0.646 | -0.605 | 0.661 |
| Sig. | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| N | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| Nurse density | ||||
| r | -0.817 | -0.794 | -0.777 | 0.807 |
| Sig. | <0.000 1 | <0.000 1 | <0.000 1 | <0.000 1 |
| N | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| Female literacy* | ||||
| r | -0.740 | -0.746 | -0.781 | 0.677 |
| Sig. | <0.000 1 | <0.000 1 | <0.000 1 | <0.000 1 |
| N | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
| Population living below poverty line€ | ||||
| r | 0.479 | 0.579 | 0.723 | -0.511 |
| Sig. | 0.276 | 0.173 | 0.067 | 0.241 |
| N | 7 | 7 | 7 | 7 |
| Per capita gross national income (US $)¥ | ||||
| r | -0.323 | -0.370 | -0.347 | 0.391 |
| Sig. | 0.282 | 0.213 | 0.245 | 0.186 |
| N | 13 | 13 | 13 | 13 |
| Total expenditure on health₤ | ||||
| r | -0.074 | -0.118 | -0.058 | 0.051 |
| Sig. | 0.755 | 0.619 | 0.807 | 0.830 |
| N | 20 | 20 | 20 | 20 |
‡ Afghanistan and Somalia were found to be outliers and were therefore removed from the analysis, thus the above table is based on 20 of the EMR countries
* Data on Female literacy represents 1990 estimates for Djibouti, Iran, Lebanon, Libya, United Arab Emirates and Yemen; ad 2004 estimates for Bahrain, Cyprus, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Syria, and Tunisia
€ Data on population living below poverty line reflects 1997 estimates for Jordan, 1998 for Iran and Yemen, 1999 for Libya and Oman, and 2000 for Egypt and Syria
¥ Data on per capita gross national income reflects 2003 estimates
£ Data on Total Expenditure on Health reflects 2003 estimates