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In A, normal AP postural alignment is depicted. In B and C, ideal sagittal and average sagittal alignment are illustrated, respectively. Since the average human sagittal alignment (C) has forward head posture and poor C1, T1, T12, and S1 sagittal balance, it is not considered normal. Adapted with permission from Harrison DE et al. Spinal Biomechanics for Clinicians. Vol. I. Evanston, WY: Harrison CBP® Seminars, Inc., 2003.
