Area of electrode locations at which limbic N400 potentials (AMTL-N400) and LNCs to words were recorded and examples of potentials from two patients. (a) Schematics of recording sites of AMTL-N400s and LNCs to words. Hatching spans the area of recording sites across all patients. am, amygdala; cs, collateral sulcus; hc, hippocampus; pg, parahippocampal gyrus. (b) Examples of ERPs from two patients (S1, S2) recorded within the nonepileptic temporal lobes. Solid line, initial presentations; dashed line, repetition.