Table 4.

Marker genes were used to trace pollen transfer from transformed to wild-type plants with intact anthers. A hand-pollination test was used to evaluate the effect of direct transfer on seed set. Moths (M. sexta) visitedtwo arrays (1 and 2) of wild-type and transformed plants but were excluded from the third array.

Treatment	Wild-type plants in treatment	Wild-type plants setting seed	Plants with transformed offspring	Seeds per capsule (Mean ± SE)	Transformed offspring per capsule (Mean ± SE)
Hand-pollination	8	8	8	154.2 ± 8.0	3.2 ± 1.3
Array 1	12	9	7	124.6 ± 11.8	2.4 ± 0.9
Array 2	1	1	1	148.5 ± 15.2	3.5 ± 1.5
Array 3	8	7	0	105.6 ± 7.2	0