Table 4.
Factors associated with anticipated preventive behaviors protecting oneself if 2 to 3 new human-to-human H5N1 cases were to be reported in Hong Kong
| Face mask use in public venues | Increased frequency of handwashing | Avoidance of eating poultry | |||||||
| Row% | ORu | ORm | Row% | ORu | ORm | Row% | ORu | ORm | |
| Background characteristics | |||||||||
| Age groups | |||||||||
| 18 – 34 | 65.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 81.7 | 1.00 | ns | 55.9 | 1.00 | ns |
| 35 – 60 | 78.9 | 2.00** | 2.38*** | 89.6 | 1.93* | 68.5 | 1.71** | ||
| Marital status | |||||||||
| Never married | 64.9 | 1.00 | ns | 83.0 | 1.00 | ns | 55.3 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Ever married | 79.0 | 2.04** | 88.9 | 1.64~ | 68.9 | 1.79** | 2.11*** | ||
| Employment status | |||||||||
| Not employed full-time | 65.8 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 86.4 | ns | --- | 61.3 | ns | --- |
| Employed full-time | 78.9 | 1.95** | 2.07** | 86.8 | 65.5 | ||||
| Perceived modes of transmission of human-to-human H5N1: | |||||||||
| Respiratory droplets | |||||||||
| No/not certain | 62.5 | 1.00 | ns | 77.8 | 1.00 | ns | 61.1 | ns | --- |
| Yes | 75.6 | 1.86* | 88.2 | 2.13* | 64.3 | ||||
| Bodily contact | |||||||||
| No/not certain | 70.0 | 1.00 | ns | 86.2 | ns | --- | 61.2 | ns | --- |
| Yes | 77.8 | 1.50* | 87.2 | 66.7 | |||||
| Objects contaminated with the virus | |||||||||
| No/not certain | 72.1 | ns | --- | 82.7 | 1.00 | ns | 62.4 | ns | --- |
| Yes | 74.8 | 89.2 | 1.73* | 64.7 | |||||
| Eating well-cooked poultry | |||||||||
| No/not certain | 73.8 | ns | --- | 86.2 | ns | --- | 60.3 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 73.6 | 88.0 | 74.4 | 1.91** | 1.92** | ||||
| No. of items with "yes" responses in the above 4 items | |||||||||
| 0 – 2 | 68.9 | 1.00 | ns | 83.8 | 1.00 | ns | 60.6 | 1.00 | ns |
| 3 – 4 | 81.1 | 1.94** | 91.0 | 1.97* | 68.7 | 1.42~ | |||
| Perceived impacts of human-to-human H5N1 | |||||||||
| Fatality rate | |||||||||
| Same as SARS/better than SARS/not certain | 67.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 83.1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 60.8 | 1.00 | ns |
| Worse than SARS | 83.7 | 2.51*** | 1.86* | 92.1 | 2.37** | 1.94* | 68.3 | 1.39~ | |
| Efficacy of treatment | |||||||||
| Same as SARS/better than SARS/not certain | 71.5 | 1.00 | ns | 85.6 | 1.00 | ns | 62.8 | ns | --- |
| Worse than SARS | 89.2 | 3.31** | 93.8 | 2.56~ | 70.8 | ||||
| Perceived chance to have a major human-to-human H5N1 outbreak in Hong Kong | |||||||||
| Low/very low chance/not certain | 68.5 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 85.2 | ns | --- | 59.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| High/very high chance | 84.3 | 2.47*** | 2.23** | 89.8 | 71.7 | 1.69* | 1.58* | ||
| Worry about oneself/family members contracting the virusa | |||||||||
| Unlikely/very unlikely/not certain | 63.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 81.5 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 57.5 | 1.00 | ns |
| Likely/very likely | 82.2 | 2.61*** | 2.11** | 91.1 | 2.32** | 2.20** | 69.3 | 1.67** | |
| No effective drugs currently available | |||||||||
| Disagree/not certain | 68.7 | 1.00 | ns | 83.5 | 1.00 | ns | 62.7 | ns | --- |
| Agree | 78.7 | 1.69* | 89.8 | 1.73* | 65.0 | ||||
| Perceived susceptibility to H5N1 infection | |||||||||
| Oneself or one's family | |||||||||
| Unlikely/very unlikely/not certain | 69.3 | 1.00 | ns | 86.7 | ns | --- | 62.5 | ns | --- |
| Likely/very likely | 85.9 | 2.71*** | 86.7 | 67.4 | |||||
| Older people | |||||||||
| Unlikely/very unlikely/not certain | 64.0 | ns | --- | 88.0 | ns | --- | 56.0 | ns | --- |
| Likely/very likely | 74.8 | 86.5 | 64.7 | ||||||
| Adults | |||||||||
| Unlikely/very unlikely/not certain | 68.6 | 1.00 | ns | 84.3 | ns | --- | 63.6 | ns | --- |
| Likely/very likely | 79.3 | 1.76** | 89.3 | 64.0 | |||||
| Children | |||||||||
| Unlikely/very unlikely/not certain | 61.6 | 1.00 | ns | 82.2 | ns | --- | 67.1 | ns | --- |
| Likely/very likely | 75.8 | 1.95* | 87.4 | 63.3 | |||||
| Health care workers | |||||||||
| Unlikely/very unlikely/not certain | 63.8 | 1.00 | ns | 84.8 | ns | --- | 64.8 | ns | --- |
| Likely/very likely | 76.4 | 1.83* | 87.2 | 63.6 | |||||
| Food sellers | |||||||||
| Unlikely/very unlikely/not certain | 68.9 | ns | --- | 81.1 | ns | --- | 45.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Likely/very likely | 74.6 | 87.6 | 66.9 | 2.38** | 2.63*** | ||||
| Food dealers | |||||||||
| Unlikely/very unlikely/not certain | 68.6 | 1.00 | ns | 86.0 | ns | --- | 60.5 | ns | --- |
| Likely/very likely | 76.4 | 1.48~ | 87.0 | 65.6 | |||||
| The general public | |||||||||
| Unlikely/very unlikely/not certain | 68.9 | 1.00 | ns | 86.2 | ns | --- | 61.7 | ns | --- |
| Likely/very likely | 83.4 | 2.28** | 87.6 | 68.0 | |||||
| No. of items with "likely/very likely" responses in the above 8 items | |||||||||
| 0 – 6 | 69.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 86.2 | ns | --- | 62.3 | ns | --- |
| 7 – 8 | 88.1 | 3.33*** | 2.54** | 88.1 | 68.3 | ||||
| Perceived efficacy of prevention measures | |||||||||
| Quarantine of the infected people | |||||||||
| Low/very low/not certain | 70.4 | ns | --- | 88.9 | ns | --- | 66.7 | ns | --- |
| High/very high | 73.9 | 86.6 | 63.7 | ||||||
| Face mask use in public venues | |||||||||
| Low/very low/not certain | 37.5 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 68.8 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 47.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| High/very high | 77.6 | 5.77*** | 2.78* | 88.6 | 3.52*** | 2.21* | 65.5 | 2.06* | 1.87* |
| Frequent handwashing | |||||||||
| Low/very low/not certain | 68.8 | ns | --- | 50.0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 71.9 | ns | --- |
| High/very high | 74.1 | 89.2 | 8.24*** | 7.76*** | 63.3 | ||||
| Home disinfection | |||||||||
| Low/very low/not certain | 63.3 | 1.00 | ns | 75.5 | 1.00 | ns | 63.3 | ns | --- |
| High/very high | 74.9 | 1.73~ | 87.9 | 2.35* | 63.9 | ||||
| Mass extermination of poultry | |||||||||
| Low/very low/not certain | 66.9 | 1.00 | ns | 78.9 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 56.3 | 1.00 | ns |
| High/very high | 76.5 | 1.61* | 89.8 | 2.35** | 2.12* | 66.8 | 1.56* | ||
| No. of items with "high/very high chance" responses in the above 5 items | |||||||||
| 0 – 3 | 46.8 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 69.4 | 1.00 | ns | 61.3 | ns | --- |
| 4 – 5 | 77.6 | 3.93*** | 2.75** | 89.1 | 3.62*** | 64.2 | |||
a Would worry that it is likely/very likely for oneself or one's family members to contract H5N1 (if 2–3 new cases were to be reported in Hong Kong. Gender and education level were not associated with any of the 3 dependent variables and were hence not tabulated.
ORU = Univariate odds ratio.
ORm = Odds ratios obtained from multivariate stepwise logistic regression using univariately significant (including marginally significant) variables as candidate variables.
~ 0.5 < p < 0.1; *p < 0.5; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.
ns = not significant.
--- univariately non-significant and was not considered in the multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis.