(A) Phylogenetic relationships estimated for peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP) family members for honey bees (underlined), Drosophila melanogaster (Dm), and Anopheles gambiae (Ag). Circles indicate apparent three-way orthologues for these three species. (B) Relationships between members of the Class B scavenger receptors, including the above insect members as well as mouse and human CD36 proteins. (C) Relationships between honey bee serine proteases (AmelSP) and serine-protease homologues (AmelSPH) and a representative subset of those from Drosophila melanogaster and Manduca sexta (Ms). (D) Phylogenetic relationships of honey bee serpins (AmelSpn) compared to homologues in Dm, Ag and Ms, colours as above. (E) Toll and Toll-like receptors for honey bees, Dm, Ag, Bombyx mori (Bm) and Aedes aegypti (Ae). Relationships derived by neighbor joining as described in the text.