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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2007 Apr 4.
Published in final edited form as: J Biomech. 2007;40(3):674–677. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2006.02.002

Table 2.

Summary of experimental results obtained at the last cycle prior to failure (N = 9)

Properties Middle-aged Elderly p-value
Plastic strain energy Up (MJ/m3) 0.674±0.257 0.403±0.230 0.016
Released elastic strain energy Uer (MJ/m3) 0.298±0.099 0.199±0.126 0.042
Hysteresis energy Uh (MJ/m3) 0.320±0.092 0.229±0.134 0.058
Toughness UT (MJ/m3)  2.48±0.975 1.740±0.856 0.054
Strength σmax (MPa)  88.1±11.4  75.6±13.0 0.023
Final modulus degradation (1–EF/E0)  0.48±0.05  0.41±0.09 0.047