Table 1.
Optimism
|
Engagement Coping
|
Disengagement Coping
|
Perceived Stress
|
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | Mean | S.D. | P | Mean | S.D. | P | Mean | S.D. | P | Mean | S.D. | P | |
Overall | 1167 | 19.1 | 3.9 | - | 50.0 | 10.0 | 50.0 | 10.0 | - | 24.8 | 7.2 | - | |
Race | |||||||||||||
White | 635 | 19.3 | 4.0 | <0.05 | 48.2 | 9.9 | <0.0001 | 47.7 | 9.5 | <0.0001 | 24.4 | 7.6 | <0.05 |
Black | 532 | 18.9 | 3.7 | 52.2 | 9.7 | 52.7 | 9.9 | 25.4 | 6.6 | ||||
Gender | |||||||||||||
Male | 583 | 19.0 | 3.7 | NS | 49.4 | 9.9 | <0.05 | 50.2 | 10.3 | NS | 23.8 | 6.6 | <0.0001 |
Female | 584 | 19.3 | 4.1 | 50.6 | 10.1 | 49.8 | 9.7 | 26.1 | 7.5 | ||||
Parental Education | |||||||||||||
HS graduate or less | 262 | 18.4 | 3.4 | <0.001 | 49.6 | 10.0 | NS | 50.8 | 10.1 | <0.05 | 26.3 | 6.0 | <0.0001 |
> high school, <college | 331 | 18.7 | 3.6 | 50.1 | 9.3 | 50.2 | 9.9 | 25.1 | 6.7 | ||||
College graduate | 320 | 19.2 | 4.1 | 50.7 | 10.8 | 50.3 | 9.9 | 24.7 | 7.4 | ||||
Professional degree | 254 | 20.3 | 4.2 | 49.5 | 10.0 | 48.4 | 10.0 | 23.0 | 7.9 |
HS=high school; SD=standard deviation
Post-hoc tests for the ANOVA of optimism by parent education indicated that the significant differences lay between the following categories: professional degree and college graduate; professional degree and > high school, <college; professional degree and HS grad or less; and college graduate and HS grad or less.
Post-hoc tests for the ANOVA of disengagement coping by parent education indicated that the significant differences lay between the professional degree and the remaining three groups.
Post-hoc tests for the ANOVA of perceived stress by parent education indicated that the significant differences lay between the professional degree and the remaining three groups, as well as college grad and HS grad or less.