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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2007 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: Gene Ther. 2007 Feb 1;14(8):682–689. doi: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302910

Figure 1.

Figure 1

The multifunctional envelope type nano device. (a) Schematic representation of MEND. MEND particles consist of condensed DNA and a lipid envelope containing functional devices including a protein transduction domain peptide that increases intracellular availability, and fusogenic lipids that enhance endosomal escape and facilitate delivery of DNA to the nucleus. (b) Cryo transmission electron microscopic images of MEND particles. DNA-rich MEND3 fractions were isolated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. (c) Enhanced transfection activities of MEND particles. NIH3T3 cells were transfected with different PLL, DNA-condensed particles or different MEND particles containing luciferase-coding pDNA. Luciferase activity is expressed as relative light units (RLU) per mg of protein. Experiments were performed in triplicate. Error bars show the s.d.