Table 4.
Air concentrations of 10 insecticides and pesticide adjuvant in personal air samples collected over 48 hr from the mother during the 32nd week of pregnancy.
| Air concentrations (ng/m3)a |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Insecticide | No. > LOD/total samples (%) | Median | Mean ± SDb | Range |
| Organophosphates | ||||
| Chlorpyrifos | 95/96 (99.0)b | 2.8 | 6.2 ± 11.1 | < 0.4–83.4 |
| Diazinon | 96/96 (100)b | 8.6 | 27.2 ± 60.4 | 1.0–427.5 |
| Methyl parathion | 0/54 (0)b | < 0.2 | NC | NC |
| Malathion | 1/57 (1.8)b | < 0.2 | NC | < 0.2–16.1 |
| Carbamates | ||||
| Propoxur | 96/96 (100)b | 18.7 | 31.9 ± 45.6 | 1.7–342.9 |
| Bendiocarb | 10/68 (14.7)b | < 0.2 | NC | < 0.2–27.5 |
| Carbofuran | 0/65 (0) | < 0.2 | NC | NC |
| Pyrethroids | ||||
| Piperonyl butoxidec | 61/89 (68.5)b | 0.4 | 3.1 ± 11.4 | < 0.2–98.2 |
| Permethrin | ||||
| trans-Permethrin | 14/96 (14.5)b | < 0.1 | NC | < 0.1–7.5 |
| cis-Permethrin | 12/96 (12.5)b | < 0.4 | NC | < 0.4–9.4 |
NC, not calculated.
a
Mean ± SD was calculated if the pesticide was detected in ≥ 45% of samples; levels in samples without detections were set at one-half of the detection limit.
b
Air concentration could not be calculated for remaining sample(s) because of interference peaks or quality control issues.
c
Not itself a pyrethroid, but it is an adjuvant and indicator of exposure to pyrethroids.