Table 3.
Role of p27 as a Diagnostic/Prognostic Marker in Human Cancers
| Type of tumor | Role of p27 | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Breast carcinoma | Decreased p27 in carcinoma and it is associated with tumor progression. | Catzavelos et al 68 |
| Breast carcinoma | Decreased p27 contributes to tumor progression. | Porter et al 69 |
| Breast carcinoma | Lack of p27 associated with poor prognosis. | Tan et al 70 |
| Breast and colon carcinoma | Inverse correlation of p27 and tumor malignancy. | Fredersford et al 71 |
| Colon carcinoma | p27 is an independent prognostic marker. | Loda et al 72 |
| Colon carcinoma | Significant correlation between p27 and tumor grade. | Ciapoorone et al 73 |
| Esophageal Barretts-associated adenocarcinoma | Loss of p27 confers poor prognosis. | Singh et al 74 |
| Gastric carcinoma | Correlation of p27 and tumor aggressiveness. | Mori et al 75 |
| Lung non-small-cell carcinoma | p27 is a prognostic factor, correlates with survival. | Esposito et al 76 |
| Lung non-small-cell carcinoma | p27 decreased in carcinoma compared with non-neoplastic lung tissues. | Kawana et al 77 |
| Lung non-small-cell carcinoma | p27 is a prognostic factor for survival. | Yatabe et al 78 |
| Prostate adenocarcinoma | Low p27 is an independent prediction of treatment failure. | Tsihlias et al 79 |
| Prostate adenocarcinoma | Absent or low p27 is an adverse prognostic factor. | Yang et al 80 |
| Prostate adenocarcinoma | Low p27 correlates with lymph node metastasis and higher Gleason scores. | Cheville et al 81 |
| Prostate adenocarcinoma | Prostate carcinoma with low p27 more biologically aggressive. | Cordon-Cardo et al 82 |
| Malignant melanoma | Loss of p27 is a prognostic indicator of early relapse. | Florenes et al 83 |
| Oral cavity carcinoma | Low p27 association with oral dysplasia and carcinoma. | Jordan et al 84 |
| Endocrine tumors | Low p27 associated with higher-grade tumors. | Lloyd et al 85 |
| Thyroid tumors | Low p27 associated with more aggressive tumors. | Erickson et al 86 |
| Parathyroid tumors | Low p27 associated with carcinoma. | Erickson et al 88 |
| Pituitary tumors | Decreased p27 with tumor progression. | Jin et al 89 |
| Pituitary corticotroph tumors | Low p27 associated with more aggressive ACTH tumors. | Dahia et al 90 |
| Lymphomas | Low p27 in tumors with a higher growth fraction. | Sanchez-Beato et al 93 |
| Lymphomas | p27 expression inversely related to proliferation rate in all lymphomas, except mantle cell type. | Quintanilla-Martinez et al 94 |