Expression of VEGF-C in melanoma cell lines and overexpression of VEGF-C in stably transfected MeWo cell clones. A: Northern blot analysis of the expression of VEGF-C mRNA (2.4 kb) in cultured melanoma cell lines. 1, positive control PC-3 mRNA; 2, SK-MEL-5; 3, SK-MEL-25; 4, SK-MEL-28; 5, WM9; 6, WM 239; 7, Colo; 8, MelJuso; 9, MML-1; 10, MS695T; 11, Melkl2; 12, PM-WK; 13, RPM-EP; 14, RPM-MC; 15, MM-LH. Hybridization with β-actin was performed as a loading control (bottom panel). B: Northern blot analysis of cultured MeWo cell clones and extracts of MeWo cell clones grown as tumors in vivo demonstrates strong overexpression of VEGF-C in VEGF-C-transfected clones. VEGF-C mRNA was not detectable in clones transfected with the control vector or in the parental cell line. The prostatic carcinoma cell line PC-3 served as a positive control. Note that VEGF-C expression did not alter VEGF mRNA expression in transfected clones. C: Western blot analysis of cultured cells demonstrates increased amounts of VEGF-C precursor protein (∼60 kd) in cell lysates and secretion of large amounts of the partially processed VEGF-C (∼31 kd) into the media by MeWo/VEGF-C cells, as compared to control transfectants. Western blot of VEGF-C-overexpressing tumor lysates shows that VEGF-C is fully processed in vivo into the mature, 21-kd form (arrow).