Table 1.
Heterochromatin Hypomethylation and CGH Finding on HCC and Adjacent Nontumorous Liver Tissues
| Case no. | Age/sex | Viral status | Cirrhosis | Tumor diameter (cm) | TNM stage | CGH analysis | Sat2 hypomethylation | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tumor | Adjacent tissue | Tumor | Adjacent tissue† | ||||||
| H1 | 69 /M | HBV | − | 11.0 | T2N0M0 | +1q, +2,−4,+5q31-qter,+6pter-p22,−9,+10p,+14q,−15q,+16, −17pter-p13,+17q11-q21,+17q22-qter,+20, −21q | Balanced | ++ | + |
| H2 | 37 /M | HBV | − | 6.9 | T2N0M0 | +1q, +2q21-q24,+3p,+4p,−4q,+5,−6q22-q26,+7p22-p11.2,+7q21-qter, −8pter-p12,+8p11.2-qter,−9pter-p21,+9p13-p12,+10q,−11q14-qter, −12pter-p12,+12p11.2-q22,−13q,−14q,−17p,+18p,−18q21-qter, +Y,+Xq13-qter | Balanced | ++ | + |
| H3 | 59 /M | HBV | + | 4.0 | T3N0M0 | −1p36, +1q,+3pter-p13,−4q13-qter,+6pter-p22,+8q,−12q24-qter, −16q13,−16q24 | Balanced | + | + |
| H4 | 58 /M | HBV | − | 4.5 | T2N0M0 | +1q12-q32, +3q12-q23,−4q,−5q,+8q,+10pter-q21,−11q21-qter,−13q12-q21, +13q32,+14q11.2,+17p12-q21,+18q11.2,+19p13-q13.2, +20q12-q13.2 | Balanced | + | + |
| H5 | 58 /F | HBV | − | 7.0 | T2N0M0 | −1p35-p21, +1q,−3p,−4q12-q21,−6p12-qter,−9q13-q34,+11q12-q13, −13q,−14q22-qter,+15q,+20,+21q,−Y,+X | Balanced | + | + |
| H6 | 30 /F | HBV | + | 8.0 | T2N0M0 | +1q, −2q32-qter,−4q28-qter,−7q32-qter,−8p,+8q,+9q32-qter,+10p, −10q,−11q,−12p,−13q12-q31,−14q,−16q,+16pter-p11.2, −Xpter-q22 | Balanced | ++ | − |
| H7 | 74 /F | HCV | + | 3.0 | T2N0M0 | +1q, +11q12-q14 | Balanced | ++ | − |
| H8 | 69 /F | HBV | + | 8.0 | T2N0M0 | −1pter-p35, +1q,+2pter-p21,−4q,−5q,+7pter-q33,+7q21-q31, −9pter-p13,−12p,+13q22-qter,−16q, −Xpter-p21 | Balanced | ++ | − |
| H9 | 51 /M | HBV | + | 7.0 | T2N0M0 | +7p, −8p22-p12,+8p11-qter,+11pter-p14,−14q,−15q,−17pter-q11, +17q12-qter,−Y | Balanced | ++ | − |
| H10 | 61 /M | HCV | + | 2.5 | T2N0M0 | +1q, −2q11-q32,−4q13-qter,+5q31-qter,+6p,−6q12-q22,−8p, +10pter-p12,−16q,+17q22-qter,+20q11.2-q13.2, +Xq21-q27 | Balanced | ++ | − |
| H11 | 51 /M | HCV | + | 4.4 | T2N0M0 | +1q12-q42, +8q,+Xq | Balanced | ++ | − |
| H12 | 55 /M | HBV | + | 5.8 | T3N0M0 | +1q, +3q22-qter,−4q,−5q,+6p,−8p,−14q22-qter | Balanced | + | − |
| H13 | 55 /M | HBV | + | 7.0 | T2N0M0 | +1q, −4,+5pter-q33,+8q,+10pter-q21,−13q21-qter,−14q21-qter,−16q +18q21-qter,+20p,+20q,+X | Balanced | + | − |
| H14 | 51 /M | N/A | + | 3.5 | T2N0M0 | +1q, +5q15-qter,+7,−8pter-p12,+8q21-qter,−10q23-qter,−16q,−21q, −22q,+X | Balanced | + | − |
| H15 | 61 /F | HBV | + | 11.0 | T2N0M0 | +1q, +8q13-qter | Balanced | + | − |
| H16 | 69 /M | HBV | + | 2.0 | T1N0M0 | +1q, +5q14-qter,−8p21-q13,+8q14-qter,−17p,−22q | Balanced | + | − |
| H17 | 48 /M | HBV | − | 7.0 | T2N0M0 | +1q12-q25, +2pter-p12,−4q21-q28,−10q25-qter,−13q14-q21, +X | Balanced | + | − |
| H18 | 47 /M | HBV | + | 3.9 | T2N0M0 | +1q, −6q24-qter,+12q15-q24.1,−13q,−15q13-qter,−17p,+18q12-q21, −19p,−22q,+X | Balanced | + | − |
| H19 | 51 /M | HBV | + | 8.5 | T2N0M0 | −4q12-q32, −5q11-q14,+6q25-qter,+8q22-qter,−10p11-qter,−11q14-qter, +12q12-q21,−12q23-qter,−13q,−16q,−17p,+19q,−21q, +Xq22-qter | Balanced | − | − |
| H20 | 34 /F | HBV | + | 3.2 | T2N0M0 | +1q25-qter, +5,−6q12-q24,+7q21-q31,−8pter-q21.3,−9pter-p22,+12q24.1, +15q23-qter,−17p11.2-q24,−18q | Balanced | − | − |
| H21 | 52 /M | HBV | + | 4.9 | T4N0M0 | +7, −8p,+8q | Balanced | − | − |
| H22 | 44 /F | HBV | − | 2.7 | T2N0M0 | −8p, +8q,−9pter-p22,−13q,−16q,−17p13,−18, +Xq | Balanced | − | − |
| H23 | 54 /M | HBV | + | 2.7 | T2N0M0 | −1pter-p21, +1p21-qter,+4p,−4q,+6pter-q14,−6q15-qter,−8pter-p21, +8p12-qter,−16 | Balanced | − | − |
| H24 | 60 /M | HBV | + | 2.4 | T3N0M0 | +1p13-qter, −4,+7q21-qter,−8p,+8q,−12q21-qter,−13q21-qter,−16q,−17p13, −19q,−20q13,−22q | Balanced | − | − |
| H25 | 67 /F | HBV | + | 3.0 | T2N0M0 | +1q, +2q32-qter,+6pter-p21,+7,+17q,+Xq | N/A | ++ | N/A |
| H26 | 60 /M | HBV | − | 11.0 | T2N0M0 | +1q, +5q13-qter,−8p,+8q,+10p,−13q12-q22,+13q22-q34,−16q, +X | N/A | ++ | N/A |
| H27 | 33 /M | HBV | + | 2.0 | T1N0M0 | −4pter-p14, −4q,+5,+6pter-p21.1,+8pter-q23,−11pter-p12,+12q13-q22, −13q12-q22,+14q13-q22,−16q,−17p,+18p,−18q,−19p, −20pter-p11.2,−22q | N/A | ++ | N/A |
| H28 | 69 /M | HBV | + | 6.5 | T2N0M0 | +1q, −4,+6p,−8p21-p22,−9,+16p,−16q,+17pter-q11.2,+18p11.2-qter, +19q13.1,−19q13.2-qter,−Y,+Xq22-qter | N/A | ++ | N/A |
| H29 | 40 /M | HBV | + | 5.5 | T4N0M0 | −8pter-p21, −8p12-qter,+10p,+12q,+17q,+Xpter-p21 | N/A | ++ | N/A |
| H30 | 74 /F | HBV | + | 3.6 | T2N0M0 | +1q, +5p,+8q | N/A | + | N/A |
| H31 | 60 /M | HBV | + | 2.6 | T2N0M0 | −1p, +2q21-qter,−6q13-qter,+8q | N/A | + | N/A |
| H32 | 39 /M | HBV | + | 8.5 | T2N0M0 | +1p13-qter, +2q14.1-q33,+5p,+8q11.2-q22,+11q14-qter,−16p | N/A | − | N/A |
| H33 | 68 /M | HBV | + | 4.8 | T2N0M0 | −4p21-qter, +6q24-qter,−11q22-qter,+17q23-qter | N/A | − | N/A |
| H34 | 65 /M | HBV | + | 1.4 | T1N0M0 | −1p22-pter, +3,+4p,−4q24-qter,+5p,−5q,−8p,+11,+12,−13q12-q21, +13q22-qter,−14q21-qter,−15q22-qter,−16,−17p,−18q,+19,+20, −21q,+22q | N/A | − | N/A |
| H35 | 57 /M | HBV | + | 4.0 | T3N0M0 | +1p21-qter, +8q21.2-qter,+13q22-qter | N/A | − | N/A |
| H36 | 71 /M | HBV | + | 6.5 | T2N0M0 | +1q, +6p,−14q13-qter | N/A | − | N/A |
Thirty-six tumor samples and 24 paired adjacent nontumorous liver tissues were studied by CGH and analyzed for Sat2 hypomethylation. ++, Indicates extensive hypomethylation of the Sat2 DNA in the heterochromatic region of chromosome 1; +, indicates moderate Sat2 hypomethylation; and −, indicates absence of Sat2 hypomethylation.
†Moderate hypomethylation with ratio values ranging from 0.7 to 0.9 was detected in five adjacent nontumorous livers (H1 to H5).
Genetic changes detected by CGH are listed as gains and losses. Chromosome 1 imbalances are highlighted in bold and underlined.
HBV, hepatitis B surface antigen positive; HCV, anti-hepatitis C positive; N/A, not determined.