Table 2.

Changes in Gene Expression Determined by cDNA Arrays

Gene	Fold change*				Putative function
	Tamoxifen	Toremifene	Raloxifene	Estradiol
Igf-2 precursor	−2.5 (−1.1)	−13 (ND)	−1.5 (−1.2)	−2.5 (−1.2)	Insulin-like growth factors stimulate mitogenic activity in human endometrial stromal cells. IGF-2 is involved in the growth of uterine smooth muscle tumours. IGF mediate and modulate steroid hormone actions in the endometrium. IGF-2 is an embryonic growth promoter and cell survival factor.
Pref-1	−3.5 (−1.3)	−9.5 (ND)	−1.5 (−1.4)	−1.5 (−1.4)	Pref-1 inhibits the differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes and is down-regulated during their differentiation.
Ngfa	+65 (+4.3)	+16.5 (ND)	+2.5 (+1.1)	−307 (−7.4)	The receptor p75NTR is highly expressed in the smooth muscle cells of the mouse uterus. Further studies in a mouse muscle-derived cell line (C2C12) demonstrate down-regulation of nerve growth factor and p75NTR during myogenic differentiation.

*Fold induction (positive numbers) and reduction (negative numbers) compared with expression in controls.

Values in parentheses represent fold change determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction.

ND, not determined.