Table 1.

cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors in cell types of vertebrate organisms. cis-acting elements have often been only broadly defined. Position range and length therefore represent maxima that in many cases are likely to be further narrowed down in the future

Species, cell type, RNA	Position	Name, length (nucleotides)	trans-acting factor	References
Xenopus oocytes
Vg1	3′ UTR	VLE, 340	Vg1RBP/VERA, Prrp, VgRBP78, VgRBP69, VgRBP60, VgRBP40, VgRBP36, and VgRBP33	(Deshler et al. 1997, Mowry & Cote 1999, Mowry & Melton 1992, Schwartz et al. 1992, Zhao et al. 2001)
VegT		?, ?	?	(Betley et al. 2002)
Xvelo1		LE, 75	UV-crosslinking pattern similar to VLE	(Claussen & Pieler 2004)
Chicken fibroblasts
β-actin	3′ UTR	zipcode, 54	ZBP1, ZBP2	(Kislauskis et al. 1994, Ross et al. 1997)
Chicken neurons (dendrites)
β-actin	3′ UTR	zipcode, 54	ZBP1	(Zhang et al. 2001)
Mammalian oligodendrocytes
MBP	3′ UTR	A2RE, 11	hnRNP A2	(Ainger et al. 1997, Hoek et al. 1998, Munro et al. 1999, Shan et al. 2003)
Mammalian neurons (dendrites)
β-actin	3′ UTR	zipcode, 54	ZBP1	(Eom et al. 2003, Tiruchinapalli et al. 2003)
BC1	5′ domain	BC1 DTE, 65	?	(Muslimov et al. 1997)
CaMKIIα, ligatin	ORF, 3′ UTR	Y element, ∼14	translin	(Severt et al. 1999)
CaMKIIα, neurogranin	3′ UTR	CNDLE, 28–30	?	(Mori et al. 2000)
CaMKIIα	3′ UTR	CaMKIIα DTE, ∼1200	?	(Blichenberg et al. 2001)
CaMKIIα	3′ UTR	CPE, 6	CPEB	(Huang et al. 2003)
GluR2	3′ UTR	?	?	(Ju et al. 2004)
MAP2	3′ UTR	MAP2 DTE, 640	MARTA1, MARTA2	(Blichenberg et al. 1999; Rehbein et al. 2000, 2002)
MAP2	3′ UTR	CPE, 6	CPEB	(Huang et al. 2003)
MAP2	ORF	A2RE, 11	hnRNP A2	(Shan et al. 2003)
PKMζ	5′ UTR, ORF	Mζ DTE1, 499	?	(Muslimov et al. 2004)
PKMζ	3′ UTR	Mζ DTE2, 42	?	(Muslimov et al. 2004)
Vasopressin	ORF, 3′ UTR	DLS, 395	PABP	(Mohr et al. 2002, Mohr & Richter 2001)
Mammalian neurons (axon hillock)
tau	3′ UTR	fragment H, 240	HuD	(Aranda-Abreu et al. 1999)