Inhibition of neutrophil apoptosis by LL-37. Neutrophils were incubated for 20 h over a range of LL-37 concentrations in the presence of 10% FBS. Modulation of spontaneous apoptosis was examined by FACS analysis and morphology. (A) Representative fields from cytospins. White arrows indicate examples of apoptotic neutrophils, 320× original magnification. (B–D) FACS analysis was used to determine the percentage of neutrophils, which were (B) apoptotic (FITC-annexin V-positive, propidium iodide-negative), (C) viable (FITC-annexin V-negative, propidium iodide-negative), and (D) necrotic (FITC-annexin V-positive, propidium iodide-positive). Figures represent the percentage of cells in LL-37-treated samples as a proportion of that observed in the vehicle alone-treated controls to correct for donor variation and indicate mean values ± sem, for n ≥ 6 for each condition, performed in duplicate, using seven different donors. Significance was assessed using absolute values in LL-37-treated samples compared with vehicle alone-treated controls by paired sample t-test analyses. *, P ≤ 0.05; **, P ≤ 0.01.