Metabolic pathways of purine base salvage and catabolism in a plant cell. Ade, Adenine; Hx, hypoxanthine; Xn, xanthine; Ino, inosine; Xao, xanthosine; GXPs, guanine nucleotides. It should be noted that there is also a potential for futile cycling between AMP and adenosine (combined activities of 5′-nucleotidase and adenosine kinase), or between AMP (through adenosine) and adenine (combined activities of 5′-nucleotidase, adenosine nucleosidase, and adenine phosphoribosyltransferase).