TABLE 2.

Facial (Neonatal Facial Coding System Total Scores) and Heart Rate (Mean ± SD) Responses to Phases of Blood Collection (Baseline, Heel Lance, and Recovery) Before or After Clustered Care by GA Group

	Facial Activity		Mean HR
	25–29 wk GA at Birth	30–32 wk GA at Birth	25–29 wk GA at Birth	30–32 wk GA at Birth
Clustered care before blood collection
Baseline*	6.7 ± 7.6	2.6 ± 6.4	158.3 ± 10.2	148.1 ± 10.8
Heel lance/squeeze	46.2 ± 21.0	37.8 ± 23.3	182.9 ± 14.3	168.8 ± 13.8
Recovery	16.0 ± 22.6	8.6 ± 15.9	160.7 ± 15.4	151.0 ± 14.4†
Rest before blood collection
Baseline*	9.3 ± 9.1	3.9 ± 5.5	160.7 ± 11.5	152.6 ± 9.9
Heel lance/squeeze	42.1 ± 17.9	25.6 ± 19.6†	183.5 ± 14.1	167.4 ± 10.1
Recovery	14.5 ± 17.9	20.6 ± 24.4†	157.7 ± 14.1	158.7 ± 14.6

^*Baseline recording after undisturbed 30 min period.

^†P<0.05.