FIGURE 7.

(A) Correlation of critical rate coefficients and effective stiffness (trap plus handles). The effective stiffness is calculated from the equation ɛ_eff = ɛ_b ɛ_h/(ɛ_b + ɛ_h), in which ɛ_b and ɛ_h are the stiffness of the bead in the trap and the handles, respectively. Shown are data from the constant-force mode at 200 Hz with 0.1 s cutoff (□), passive mode at 1000 Hz (•), and passive mode at 200 Hz (▴). (B) Linear relationship between the force changes (Δf) in the passive mode (at 1000 Hz, see Table 2) and effective stiffness. Data are fitted to linear regression (R² = 0.985).