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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2008 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Dev Biol. 2006 Aug 12;302(1):25–39. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.08.023

Fig. 2. Loss of anterior muscles in tbx-2 mutants.

Fig. 2

(A). Diagram of a pharynx showing the eight groups of pharyngeal muscles (pm; adapted from Albertson and Thomson, 1976). Cells affected by tbx-2 mutations are shaded. (B,C,D) Differential interference contrast micrographs of first stage (L1) larvae. (B) The pharynx of a tbx-2(RNAi) L1 with a wild-type posterior bulb (asterisk), but abnormal anterior bulb (arrow). (C, E, G, I, K, M, O) wild-type larvae, (D, F, H, J, L, N, P) tbx-2(ok529) larvae. (C) Wild-type larva with anterior and posterior bulbs (arrow, asterisk). (D) tbx-2(ok529) L1 with a relatively normal posterior bulb (asterisk), but morphologically aberrant procorpus, anterior bulb, and isthmus (arrows). Muscle marker 3NB12 is lost from anterior cells in tbx-2 mutants compared to wild type (E,F; (Okamoto and Thomson, 1985; Priess and Thomson, 1987). Pharyngeal myosin is absent from anterior muscles in tbx-2(ok529) larvae (Miller et al., 1983). CEH-22::GFP (Okkema et al., 1997) is expressed in fewer pm3, 4, and 5 cells (arrows) while pm7 expression appears WT (asterisk) in tbx-2(ok529) (I, J). ITR-1::GFP, (Baylis et al., 1999) is lost from pm4 and pm5 (arrows) while expression is still detected in pm6 (asterisk) and the intestine of tbx-2(ok529) worms (K, L). AVR-15::GFP expression in wild type (M) and tbx-2(ok529) (N) larvae (Dent et al., 1997) reveals only a subset of pm4 and pm5 cells express in mutant larvae. Wild-type (O) and tbx-2(ok529) (P) larvae stained with an antibody that recognizes intermediate filaments to reveal pharyngeal marginal cells (Pruss et al., 1981). All three groups of marginal cells are present and morphologically wild-type (arrows). Wild-type L1 pharynx is ~45 μm long.