Table 1.
Selected characteristics of applicators by chlorpyrifos exposure status based on 1993–1997 enrollment data in the Agricultural Health Study.
| Characteristic | Exposed (n = 22,431) No. (%) | Nonexposed (n = 32,640) No. (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ||
| < 45 | 11,015 (49.1) | 14,903 (45.7) |
| 45–49 | 2,978 (13.3) | 3,910 (12.0) |
| 50–54 | 2,500 (11.1) | 3,434 (10.5) |
| 55–59 | 2,163 (9.6) | 3,242 (9.9) |
| 60–64 | 1,785 (8.0) | 2,897 (8.9) |
| 65–69 | 1,187 (5.3) | 2,149 (6.6) |
| 70–74 | 567 (2.5) | 1,332 (4.1) |
| ≥ 75 | 236 (1.1) | 771 (2.3) |
| Sex | ||
| Male | 22,108 (98.6) | 31,479 (96.4) |
| Female | 323 (1.4) | 1,161 (3.6) |
| State of residence | ||
| Iowa | 15,030 (67.0) | 20,928 (64.1) |
| North Carolina | 7,401 (33.0) | 11,712 (35.9) |
| Applicator type | ||
| Private | 20,966 (93.5) | 29,411 (90.1) |
| Commercial | 1,465 (6.5) | 3,299 (9.9) |
| Smoking history | ||
| Never | 11,921 (53.3) | 16,922 (52.3) |
| Former smoker | 6,752 (30.2) | 9,964 (30.8) |
| Current smoker | 3,675 (16.5) | 5,467 (16.9) |
| Alcohol drinking (drinks per month) | ||
| No | 6,494 (29.9) | 10,623 (34.2) |
| < 1 | 3,463 (16.0) | 4,565 (14.7) |
| 1–4 | 6,744 (31.1) | 8,971 (28.9) |
| > 4 | 5,003 (23.0) | 6,913 (22.2) |
| Educational level | ||
| Less than high school | 1,581 (7.2) | 3,575 (11.2) |
| High school | 10,427 (47.5) | 15,251 (47.9) |
| Greater than high school | 9,930 (45.3) | 12,996 (40.9) |
| Use of pesticides most highly correlated with use of chlorpyrifos | ||
| Alachlor | 13,240 (69.1) | 12,309 (38.5) |
| Carbofuran | 7,619 (34.4) | 5,100 (15.8) |
| Fonofos | 6,008 (27.0) | 4,220 (13.0) |
| Trifluralin | 12,220 (55.3) | 13,524 (42.2) |
| Farm size (acres) | ||
| < 500 | 12,095 (59.5) | 18,570 (66.8) |
| ≥ 500 | 8,226 (49.5) | 9,231 (33.2) |