Table 2.
RRs (95% CIs) for selected causes of death by chlorpyrifos exposure among Agricultural Health Study applicators, 1993–2001.a
| No. of deaths
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Cause of death (ICD-10 codes) | Exposed | Nonexposed | RRb (95% CI) |
| All cause of death | 588 | 1,263 | 0.90 (0.81–1.01) |
| All malignant neoplasms (C00–C97) | 204 | 418 | 0.94 (0.78–1.14) |
| Colorectal (C18–C20) | 26 | 57 | 0.95 (0.56–1.61) |
| Pancreas (C25) | 15 | 25 | 1.17 (0.58–2.37) |
| Lung and bronchus (C34) | 51 | 108 | 0.93 (0.64–1.35) |
| Prostate (C61) | 17 | 40 | 0.90 (0.46–1.74) |
| Brain (C71) | 11 | 12 | 1.07 (0.41–2.76) |
| Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (C82–C85) | 10 | 27 | 0.64 (0.29–1.39) |
| Leukemia (C91–C95) | 12 | 24 | 0.89 (0.41–1.92) |
| Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism (D50–D89) | 5 | 5 | 4.40 (0.94–20.45) |
| Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases (E00–E90) | 12 | 24 | 1.31 (0.58–2.95) |
| Disease of circulatory system (I00–I99) | 210 | 505 | 0.85 (0.70–1.02) |
| Ischemic heart disease (I20–I25) | 136 | 341 | 0.78 (0.62–0.97) |
| Cardiomyopathy (I42) | 13 | 25 | 1.06 (0.50–2.23) |
| Cerebrovascular disease (I60–I69) | 20 | 58 | 0.84 (0.44–1.62) |
| Disease of respiratory system (J00–J99) | 30 | 62 | 0.96 (0.55–1.65) |
| Chronic lower respiratory disease (J40–J47) | 12 | 39 | 0.57 (0.25–1.31) |
| External causes of mortality (V01–Y98) | 91 | 141 | 1.04 (0.77–1.41) |
| Motor-vehicle accidents (V01–V99) | 33 | 54 | 0.93 (0.65–1.32) |
| Non-motor-vehicle accidents (W00–X59) | 32 | 45 | 1.04 (0.73–1.48) |
| Suicide (X60–X84) | 24 | 32 | 1.45 (0.80–2.63) |
a
Deaths with < 10 exposed cases are not shown except for diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving immune mechanisms (codes D50–D89).
b
Relative risks adjusted for age at enrollment, sex, education, smoking, frequency of alcohol drinking during the 12 months before enrollment, and state of residence, and the four pesticides most highly correlated with chlorpyrifos (alachlor, carbofuran, fonofos, trifluralin). The reference category was applicators who were not exposed to chlorpyrifos.